Hudud (حدود) is an Islamic concept: punishments which under Islamic law (Shariah) are mandated and fixed by God. The Shariah divided offenses into those against God and those against man. Crimes against God violated His Hudud, or 'boundaries'. These punishments were specified by the Qur'an and in some instances by the Sunnah. They are namely for adultery, fornication, accusing someone of illicit sex but failing to present four eyewitnesses, apostasy, consuming intoxicants, rebellion against the lawful Caliph, other forms of mischief against the Muslim state or highway robbery and theft. Hudud offenses are overturned by the slightest of doubts (shubuhat).