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in category Fiqh (Jurisprudence)

Does Islam define the role of the leader/caliph of Muslims?

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Yes in surah hajj verse 41, "Those whom we establish in the land (rulers) they establish the salah and give the zakat, they enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil and to Allah rests the decision of all affairs"

Here the ayah explains that the rulers establish salah and zakat (matters of ibadah and maajazi/metaphorical for the whole of Islam) they also command the maroof and forbid the munkar (through the application of taazeer and hadud). Thus they maintain society through the application of the shari'a.

This is further emphasised in the famous Hadith from the sunnah. Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "Surely! Everyone of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charges: The Imam (ruler) of the people is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects."

So the interests (maslaha) are maintained by the rulers.


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