Who are Ismaili Muslims?

In a Nutshell Ismaili Muslims are a branch of Shia Islam who recognize a living Imam, currently His Highness the Aga Khan, as their spiritual leader. They emerged from a schism following the death of the sixth Shia Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq (as). Ismailis emphasize an ongoing commitment to esoteric interpretations of Islam, a dedication to intellectual inquiry, and a strong focus on contributing to the societies where they live. Introduction/Background As with all Shia Muslims, the Ismaili central belief revolves around the importance of the Ahl al-Bayt (the family of the Prophet (pbuh)) and the divinely appointed successors, called Imams, to provide ongoing guidance after the Prophet's passing. The origins of Ismailism are tied to a succession dispute which occurred after the death of the sixth Shia Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq (as), in the 8th century CE. A portion of his followers recognized his elder son, Ismail ibn Jafar, as the seventh Imam. Although Imam Ismail predeceased his father, a segment of Shia Muslims continued to accept the chain of Imamat through his lineage. While there is historical disagreement about the line of Imams, this core lineage is at the center of Ismaili belief. Through subsequent centuries, Imams guided the emerging Ismaili community spiritually and temporally, with one prominent point of their governance being the influential Fatimid Caliphate (10-12th centuries CE). Today, Ismailis are found throughout the world, particularly in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. Evidences Quran Divine Guidance After the Prophet: "O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result." (Quran 4:59) Pursuit of Knowledge: "And say, "My Lord, increase me in knowledge." (Quran 20:114) Social Justice and Pluralism: "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted." (Quran 49:13) Hadith Seeking Knowledge: The Prophet (pbuh) said, “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim.” (Sunan Ibn Majah) Significance of the Imam: Narrations attributed to the Prophet (pbuh) state, "Whoever dies and did not know the Imam of his time dies the death of jahiliyyah [pre-Islamic ignorance]” (Sources differ between Sunni and Shia collections) Ahl al-Bayt: The Prophet (pbuh) is narrated to have said, "Verily, I am leaving behind two precious things amongst you: the Book of Allah and my Sunnah, and my family, the people of my house. For indeed, the two will never separate until they come back to me by the Pond." (Sahih Muslim) Ismaili Muslims The theological foundations of Ismailism offer unique perspectives on Islamic belief and practice. While certain core aspects align with other Shia traditions, their conceptualization of the Imamate sets them apart from both Twelvers and most Sunni understandings. Unlike the Twelver Shia belief in a line of twelve Imams (the last in occultation), Ismailis acknowledge a continuous line of living Imams who trace their lineage through Imam Ismail. The Imam holds immense significance for Ismailis as he functions not only as a spiritual leader but also as the guide responsible for interpreting the Quran and the faith for contemporary times. Thus, Ismaili practice is guided by his commands and enactments. This is reflected in the Ismaili practice of pledging allegiance (bay'ah) to the living Imam. Another distinctive feature of Ismailism is the emphasis on ta'wil, meaning esoteric or allegorical interpretation. For Ismailis, the Quran and religious precepts possess both an outwardly revealed (zahir) and an inner, hidden (batin) meaning. The Imam is believed to hold the key to unlocking these deeper layers of understanding. Consequently, the Ismaili tradition embraces intellectual questioning, exploration of symbolism, and ongoing philosophical inquiry. Ismaili communities throughout the world are organized around local centers called Jama'at Khanas. These are spaces for gathering, prayer, and community activity. Additionally, the principle of dasondh, a voluntary offering or tithe, is integral to Ismaili piety. These contributions facilitate the numerous communal efforts and the significant humanitarian and development initiatives under the guidance of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). Historically, Ismailis have played a prominent role in Islamic intellectual life. Throughout their history, with notable figures like Nasir al-Din al-Tusi during the Mongol period, and centers of learning under the Fatimid Caliphate, Ismailis have made enduring contributions to philosophy, theology, science, medicine, and the arts. Misconceptions Unfortunately, Ismaili Muslims have frequently been the subject of misunderstandings and misrepresentations. Here are some common misconceptions and clarifications: Secretive or Occult: Due to persecutions in history, there are instances where Ismailis, as many in minority communities, practiced their faith with discretion. However, this should not be confused with the modern Ismaili community which is outwardly engaged in contemporary societies. Differing Fundamental Beliefs: Ismaili Muslims subscribe to core Islamic beliefs – the Oneness of God, the Prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh), and the Quran as divine revelation. The divergence primarily centers on the conception of the Imamate. Rejection of Shariah: This misunderstanding often stems from a focus on their esoteric dimensions. Though stressing inner meaning, Ismailis uphold the observance of the outward pillars and tenets of Islamic law. Pitfalls Generalization: Muslim communities exhibit extraordinary diversity; painting the Ismaili community, or any other Muslim group, with broad strokes perpetuates stereotypes. Polemical Rhetoric: Divisive or provocative discussions about Ismaili doctrines hinder mutual understanding and often promote inaccurate views. Simplistic Characterizations: Reducing Ismailism to historical periods, singular figures, or online misinformation misconstrues the global complexities of a centuries-old tradition. Conclusion The Ismaili Muslims are a distinct community within the Shia branch of Islam. Their belief in a living Imam, dedication to intellectual inquiry, and commitment to social betterment are defining characteristics.