How was the universe created?

Introduction: Islam is a religion that recognizes the importance of both faith and reason. The Qur'an, the central text of Islam, teaches about the creation of the universe and provides insights into the workings of the natural world. The Qur'an speaks of two worlds, the world of the visible and the world of the invisible, and the creation of the heavens and the earth in six days. Background: The Qur'an speaks of two worlds, the "Mulk" and "Malakute," the world of the heavens and the earth, which were once one but separated. The creation of the heavens and the earth invites meditation and is greater than the creation of man, according to the Qur'an. The Qur'an also states that the heavens and earth are full of signs for those who reason and have understanding. Topic: The observation of the heavens and the earth awakens the search for knowledge and invites to meditation. In the Qur'an, Allah says: "The creation of the heavens and the earth is much greater than the creation of man, but most of mankind do not know" (S.40-v57). He also says: "Surely the creation of the heavens and the earth, in the alternation of night and day, in the ship that sails in the sea laden with things beneficial to people, in the water that Allah sends down from the sky, by which He restores life to the earth once it is dead and scatters on it beasts of every kind, in the variation of the winds, and in the clouds subdued between the sky and the earth, in all these there are signs, for a people who reason" (S.2-v164). Finally, another verse states: "In the creation of the heavens and the earth and in the succession of the Night and the Day, there are signs for those who have understanding" (S.3 v.190). The six days of creation: "We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six days and were not touched by fatigue" (S.50-v38) Several verses in the Qur'an indicate that the creation of the heavens and the earth was done in six days. However, some questions remain: What do we mean by these days? Are they the same days as those of ordinary people? Or do they refer to another reality? First of all, it should be remembered that the concept of time is different between "Mulk" and "Malakute" since Allah has said: "...a day with your Lord is equivalent to a thousand years of what you count" (S.22-v47). If we go through the scientific studies, we discover that in 1676, a first measurement of the speed of propagation of light in a vacuum was made by the Danish astronomer Römer (who took over the work of Galileo). He concluded that c =212,000 km/s, whereas today C =299,792.458 km/s, an error of 29%. This error is due to the fact that the distance between the Earth and the Sun was not known precisely. Later, these calculations will be redone with even greater accuracy. From this final velocity, scientists have been able to establish units for expressing interstellar distances. A light year is the distance travelled by a photon (light) in a vacuum in one Julian year, i.e. 365.25 days. As an example, to give an idea, light travels the 4.5 billion kilometres between the planet Neptune and the Sun in 4 hours 10 minutes. It travels the 150 million kilometres from the Earth to the Sun in 8 min 20 s. Finally, it takes only 1.28 s to travel the 384,402 km between the Earth and the Moon. In one day, light travels 299 792.458 km x 60 s x 60 min x 24 h = 25 902 068 371.2 km or about 26 billion km. Keep this result in mind, as it will be useful later on.Now let's look at the moon. As we mentioned earlier, the Moon revolves around the Earth and is about 384,402 km from our planet. Its orbital period is 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes 6 seconds. Scientists have determined that its orbital circumference is about 2,449,000 km. We know that the Moon travels 2 449 000 km in 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes and 6 seconds. This implies that the Moon travels 29,388,000,000 km, or about 29 billion km, in 1000 years. This means that the distance light travels in one day is equivalent to the distance the moon travels in 1000 years. In the seventh century, a man, none other than the prophet Mohamed, taught the word of God, the Koran. A book that recounted things that were incomprehensible to the people of the time. For example, Allah states in Surah Al Hadj: "... . However, one day with your Lord is equivalent to a thousand years of what you count. (S.22-v47). In Surah As-Sajda He says: "From heaven to earth He administers the matter, which then ascends to Him in a day equivalent to a thousand years of your reckoning." (S.32-v5). Before concluding, let us briefly mention the limits of science through the following example. Knowing that the speed of light is the highest speed ever measured by man to date, one is amazed to read in Surah Al Ma'arij: "the angels as well as the Spirit ascend to Him in a day whose duration is fifty thousand years." (S.70 v.4). Here we are talking about a speed fifty times faster than the speed of light. As mentioned earlier, a day with God is equivalent to 1000 years by human count. Here, however, God does not announce a thousand years but fifty thousand years. In other words, there would be a speed fifty times faster than the speed of light. Exceeding the speed of light is impossible today, given a number of parameters. However, it would be a mistake to consider this scientific limit as an insurmountable barrier. The means we currently have at our disposal do not mean that we hold the key to evolution, let alone the universe! This being said, it cannot be said that Allah created during a thousand years since the word day designates a stage, i.e. the heavens and the earth were created in six stages. On the other hand, when Allah says: "...and we were not touched by fatigue", He invites us to meditate on the method He used. He could have said "so be it" so that everything would fall into place, but he chose to proceed step by step and without feeling the slightest fatigue, contrary to what some non-Muslim beliefs claim. His will was to value the exemplary achievement of the task, methodological and successive. Man is invited to reproduce this consecutive evolution, without trying to skip stages, in the course of his life in accordance with the divine aspiration: "Man has been created in the image of his Lord" (Sahih al-Bukhari). Conclusion: In conclusion, the Qur'an provides insights into the creation of the universe and the workings of the natural world, recognizing the importance of both faith and reason. It teaches that the heavens and earth are full of signs for those who reason and have understanding, and that time is different between the two worlds. The Quran invites meditation on the creation of the universe and recognizes the limits of science. References: The Qur'an hadith: "And He (Allah) is the One who has created the heavens and the earth in six days, and His Throne was upon water, that He might test you, which of you is the best in deeds." (Al-Hujurat 50. Verse)