What causes the frequency of earthquakes?

In a nutshell: Many countries such as Turkey, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan and others have been shaken by earthquakes. Are there any indications of this? Introduction Blessings and salutations be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions and all those who have been guided by him. Allah the Transcendent, the Most High, the Wise knows perfectly well what He decrees and the judgments He makes. He is also wise and knows well the laws He establishes and the orders He gives. He is the Transcendent One who creates the signs that please Him and manages them in such a way as to frighten His servants, remind them of their duties and warn them against polytheism, disregard of His orders and violation of His prohibitions. Allah the Transcendent has said, "We send no miracles except as a threat" (Qur'an, 17:59) and says, "We shall show them Our signs in the world and in themselves, until it becomes clear to them that this is the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is witness to all things? (Qur'an, 41: 53) and : Say: "He is able to raise against you from above, or from under your feet, a chastisement, or to confuse you in sectarianism. And He makes you taste the ardor (in battle) one with another." See how We expound Our Signs. Perhaps they will understand (Qur'an, 6:65). Topic In his Sahih, Bukhari, reports from Jabir (p.a.a) that after the revelation of the verse: He is able to raise against you from above, The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: I ask for your protection. And: or from under your feet. He also said: I ask for your protection (Sahih Bukhari, 5/193). Abu Sheikh al-Asphahani reported from Mudjahid about the explanation of the verse (6:65) as follows " the punishment of the underneath is trembling and swallowing" There is no doubt that the earthquakes that have occurred in many places in recent times are among the signs through which Allah the Transcendent seeks to frighten His servants. Everything that happens in the universe in terms of earthquakes and other phenomena that are harmful to man and cause damage is due to the association of other deities with Allah and to sins. Allah the Exalted in Power and Majesty has said: "Every misfortune that befalls you is due to what your hands have earned. And He forgives much (Qur'an, 42:30) and : Every good that befalls you is from Allah, and every evil that befalls you is from yourself. And We have sent you to the people as a Messenger, and Allah is sufficient as a witness. And Allah is sufficient as a witness (Qur'an, 4:79) and: So We seized every one for his sin: there were some on whom We sent a hurricane; there were some whom the Cry seized; there were some whom We caused to be swallowed up by the earth; and there were some whom We drowned. But Allah is not such as to wrong them, but they have wronged themselves" (Qur'an, 29:40). Mature persons, whether Muslims or not, should repent to Allah the Transcendent and perpetuate right conduct within His religion and beware of all acts of shirk and rebellion which He has forbidden in order to obtain security and salvation in this world and in the Hereafter from all evils and that Allah may ward off all calamity and provide good for them. For the Transcendent said: "If the inhabitants of the cities had believed and been pious, We would certainly have bestowed upon them blessings from heaven and earth. But they denied, so We seized them for what they had earned." (Qur'an, 7:96) and again said of the People of the Book: If they had applied the Torah and the ة Gospel and what has come down to them from their Lord, they would certainly have enjoyed what is above them and what is under their feet. There is a group among them who act righteously; but for many of them, how evil is what they do! (Qur'an, 5: 66) and : Are the people of the cities sure that Our severe punishment will not reach them in the night, while they are asleep? Are the people of the cities sure that Our severe punishment will not reach them by day, while they are enjoying themselves? Are they safe from Allah's ploy? Only the lost ones feel safe from Allah's plan. (Qur'an, 7: 97-99). The scholar Ibn al-Qayyim (May Allah have mercy on him) says: "Sometimes Allah allows the earth to breathe. This causes the great earthquakes. This inspires human servants with fear, apprehension, return (to Allah), abandonment of acts of rebellion, humility towards Allah the Transcendent and regret. One of the elders had said after an earthquake: "your Master invites you to repent." Following a tremor in Madinah, Umar Ibn al-Khattab (P.A.a) lectured the faithful and said: "If this happens again, I will no longer live in this city with you." The traditions reported by the ancients in this regard are numerous. What one should do in the face of earthquakes and other signs such as eclipses, violent storms and floods is to hasten to repent to Allah the Exalted, to humble oneself before Him, to ask Him for safety, to remind Him frequently and to ask Him for forgiveness. Therefore, the Prophet (blessings be upon him) said: "When you see this (the eclipse), resort to remembering (Allah), invoking Him and asking for His forgiveness." From a hadith reported by Bukhari and Muslim . It is also recommended that compassion be shown towards the poor and alms be given to them in view of the words of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Have mercy on others, we will have it for you" (quoted by Imam Ahmad, 2/165) Those who show compassion (to others) will have the compassion of the Clement, have compassion for those who live on earth, He who is in heaven will have it for you. (Quoted by Abu Dawud, and at-Tarmidhi). It is reported from Umar ibn Abd Al-Aziz (May Allah have mercy on him) that he used to write to his prefects ordering them to give alms in case of an earthquake. One of the causes of safety from evil is for the public authorities to restrain the fools, to impose the truth on them, to apply the laws to them, to order the good and to forbid the evil. In this regard, Allah the Mighty and Majestic says: "The believing men and women are allies of each other. They command what is right, forbid what is wrong, perform salah, pay Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. These are the ones whom Allah will show mercy, for Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise" (Qur'an, 9:71). Conclusion It is Allah who is called upon to straighten out the conditions of all Muslims, to grant them a correct understanding of the religion, to help them maintain it, to inspire them with repentance for all sins, to straighten out the conduct of all their rulers, to make the truth triumph through them, to undo the false through them, to assist them in applying His laws to His servants, and to protect all of them from the disturbances that lead to misguidance and from the intrigues of Satan. He is the one who masters all this and is capable of it. May Allah bless and greet our Prophet Muhammad, his family, his companions and all those who follow them well.