Give a summary of Taqiudeen Nabhani's book Nizam al-Islam?

In a Nutshell: Taqiudeen al-Nabhani presents Islam as a comprehensive, all-encompassing system for life, advocating for the integration of Islamic jurisprudence into every aspect of societal and individual functioning represented by the caliphate. Nabhani's discussion focuses on the application of Sharia in governance, economics and social structures, arguing for an Islamic state i.e., the caliphate, that fully embodies Islamic principles. He confronts misunderstandings about the applicability and relevance of Islamic law in contemporary society, emphasizing its flexibility and universality. Background Nabhani's work reflects a deep engagement with Islamic traditions, jurisprudence, and history, positioning itself as a response to the challenges posed by modernity and secularism. He extensively references the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic texts on jurisprudence and history to build his argument for a holistic Islamic system known as the caliphate. Analysis Nabhani's vision of Islam is deeply rooted in the notion that it is a comprehensive system encompassing all aspects of life, both personal and societal. He argues that Islam offers a complete framework for living, one that integrates spiritual, moral, legal, and social dimensions. Key to his argument is the idea that Islam is not merely a set of beliefs or rituals but a way of life that includes a unique system of governance and social organization. He cites Quranic verses and Hadiths to support his view that Islamic principles should guide not only individual behavior but also the operation of state and society. For instance, Nabhani references the Quranic concept of "Ummah" (community) to emphasize the communal and societal aspects of Islam. He interprets this as a call for a unified Islamic society governed by Sharia law, underscoring the holistic integration of faith and governance. Nabhani’s interpretation of Islamic governance is based on the Prophetic model of Medina, where social, economic, and political aspects were seamlessly integrated under Islamic principles. He views this model as not only historically significant but also relevant and applicable to modern societies. His work challenges the separation of religion from state affairs, a common feature of secular governance models. He argues that such separation is unnatural and contrary to the comprehensive nature of Islamic teachings. In sum, it advocates for a holistic understanding of Islam that transcends personal piety to encompass a comprehensive socio-political system based on Islamic principles. His work is a call to integrate Islamic teachings into all aspects of life, including governance and societal organization, based on the Quran and Sunnah. The scope is vast: 1. Primacy of Sharia: Nabhani posits that Sharia, derived from the Quran and Sunnah, is not only a personal moral code but the fundamental law governing society. 2. Integrating Faith and Governance: He argues that separating governance from Islamic law creates a dichotomy that is foreign to Islamic thought. 3. Comprehensive Legal Framework: Sharia offers solutions for all aspects of life, from personal matters to state policy. 4. Economic System: He advocates for an Islamic economic system, rejecting both capitalism and socialism, and emphasizing economic justice as prescribed in Islamic teachings. 5. Political Structure: Nabhani envisions a political system based on the principles of the Caliphate, arguing for a unified Islamic state. 6. Social Justice: The application of Sharia ensures social justice, equality, and the welfare of all citizens. 7. Educational System: He emphasizes the need for an education system based on Islamic values and teachings. 8. Legal and Penal Code: Nabhani discusses the implementation of the Islamic legal and penal system, stressing its fairness and deterrent qualities. 9. Role of Individual and Community: He underlines the importance of individual responsibilities and communal obligations within an Islamic society. 10. Cultural and Ethical Values: The system he advocates is deeply rooted in Islamic cultural and ethical values, shaping not just laws but societal norms. Each of these points reflects his vision of an Islamic society where every aspect is governed by Islamic principles, arguing that this approach is not only faithful to Islamic teachings but also effective in addressing modern societal challenges. Conclusion "The System of Islam" is a significant exploration into how Islamic principles can structure and organise modern society, advocating for a return to Islamic governance and law, namely the caliphate.