How is Islam different from Jainism?

In a Nutshell: Islam and Jainism, though both originating in India, hold distinct beliefs about God, salvation and the afterlife. Islam is a monotheistic religion centered on the prophet Muhammad (saw) and the Quran, while Jainism is a non-theistic religion emphasizing liberation through non-violence and self-discipline. Table of ContentsIntroduction Background and Context Theology Soteriology (Salvation) Practices Misconceptions Objections FAQs on Islam and Jainism Conclusion Introduction Islam and Jainism are two religions that arose in India. Despite geographical proximity, they differ significantly in their core tenets. This answer explores these key differences, focusing on concepts of God, salvation and religious practices. How is Islam Different from Jainism?TheologyMonotheism vs. Non-theism:Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion. Muslims believe in one God, Allah (swt), the all-powerful and all-merciful creator and sustainer of the universe. The Quran (112:1-4) declares: Say, 'He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent.' In contrast, Jainism is a non-theistic religion. Jains do not believe in a creator God but revere enlightened beings called Tirthankaras who achieved liberation (moksha).Prophets and Scriptures:Muslims believe in a chain of prophets starting with Adam (as) and culminating in the Prophet Muhammad (saw) as the final messenger. The Quran, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (saw) through the Angel Gabriel (as), is considered the literal word of God (swt). Jains revere the teachings of the 24 Tirthankaras, with the last one being Vardhamana Mahavira. Their religious texts, known as Agamas, are believed to be transmitted orally by the Tirthankaras and later compiled by Jain scholars.Soteriology (Salvation)Moksha vs. Jannah (Heaven):The ultimate goal in Jainism is to achieve moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth (samsara). This is attained through strict adherence to ahimsa (non-violence), self-discipline and asceticism. Muslims believe in the afterlife and strive to enter Jannah (paradise), a place of eternal bliss and reward for those who follow the teachings of Islam (Quran 2:82).Karma vs. Divine Will:Jainism emphasizes the concept of karma, the law of cause and effect. Every action has a reaction and liberation is achieved by exhausting past karma and avoiding creating new karma. In Islam, the concept of Qadr (divine will) is central. While Allah (swt) has predetermined all events, humans still have free will and are accountable for their choices (Quran 76:29-31). How is Islam Different from Jainism? (continued)PracticesDietary Restrictions:Jainism emphasizes strict vegetarianism, rooted in the principle of ahimsa (non-violence). Jains avoid harming any living creatures, including those used for food. Islam has guidelines for permissible and forbidden foods. Muslims only consume halal meat, ensuring animals are slaughtered in accordance with Islamic principles. Some permissible foods include lamb, beef, chicken and certain fish.Prayer and Rituals:Islamic prayer, known as salah, is a fundamental pillar of the faith. Muslims perform prayers five times a day facing the Kaaba in Mecca. In Jainism, meditation and reflection play a central role in spiritual practice. Jains visit temples (derasar) to pay respect to the Tirthankaras and practice self-contemplation.Monasticism:Both religions have monastic traditions. Jain monks and nuns lead rigorous lives of asceticism and renounce worldly possessions. Muslim asceticism, often associated with Sufism, focuses on inner purification and a deeper connection with God (swt). Conclusion While sharing a common birthplace, Islam and Jainism possess distinct worldviews. Islam's core belief in the absolute oneness of God (swt), the Prophet Muhammad (saw) and the Quran contrasts with the non-theistic approach of Jainism, where moksha is attained through self-effort. Islamic concepts like heaven, hell and divine will differ from the cyclical rebirth and karmic implications found in Jain beliefs. Understanding these differences promotes respect and fosters dialogue between adherents of these two ancient faiths. Acknowledging shared ethical principles, like compassion, non-violence in Jainism and justice in Islam, can further provide a common ground for peaceful coexistence. ReferencesJaini, Padmanabh (1998). The Jaina Path of Purification. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Jainism. Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Aug. 2021, [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism] (Website) Williams, Paul (1994). South Asian Religions: A Reader, Curzon Press. Esposito, John L. (2010). Islam: The Straight Path (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.