What does Islam say about marriage between two men (homosexuals)?

In a Nutshell: Islam defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman. Sexual relations outside of marriage are prohibited. There are no Quranic verses explicitly permitting same-sex marriage. Traditional Islamic scholarship interprets references to same-sex relations in the Quran and Hadith as evidence for its prohibition. Table of Contents: In a Nutshell Introduction Evidences Analysis of Same-Sex Marriage 5 Misconceptions about Islam and Homosexuality 5 Objections to the Islamic View on Same-Sex Marriage FAQs on Same-Sex Marriage in Islam In a Nutshell: Islam establishes marriage as a sacred contract between a man and a woman. Marriage serves to fulfill social, emotional and procreative needs within the Islamic legal framework. Sexual relations outside of marriage are considered haram (prohibited). Islamic scholarship views marriage as a heterosexual union based on interpretations of the Quran and Hadith. Introduction: Marriage in Islam is a fundamental social institution that carries religious significance. It is considered a sacred contract (aqd) between a man and a woman, fulfilling spiritual, emotional and practical needs. The Quran emphasizes the importance of marriage for procreation and the continuation of humanity. This answer will explore the Islamic perspective on same-sex marriage by examining relevant Quranic verses, hadiths and scholarly opinions. Evidences from the Quran: The Quran does not explicitly address same-sex marriage. However, some scholars point to verses that speak of the destruction of the people of Prophet Lut (alayhi s-salaam) as evidence for the prohibition of same-sex relations. Here are a few relevant verses: "And Lut (alayhi s-salaam), when he said to his people, 'Do you commit such immorality as none before you ever committed in the world? Verily, you comeanear men in lust rather than women. Nay, but you are a transgressing people.'" (Quran 7:80-81) "We rained upon them a shower (of stones). So see the evil end of the people who were evil-doers." (Quran 26:173) (It is important to note that interpretations of these verses vary.) Evidences from the Hadith: Hadiths (sayings and actions of the The Prophet (saw)) are also used to support the Islamic view on same-sex relations. Here are a few examples: "The Prophet (saw) cursed the one who does the action of the people of Lut (alayhi s-salaam) - the one who comes from behind with a male or with a female." (Sunan Ibn Majah 3320) "If you find a man mounting another man, then kill both of them." (Sahih al-Bukhari 6785) (The authenticity and interpretation of these hadiths are subjects of scholarly discussion.) Companions' Opinions on Same-Sex Marriage The Sahaba (companions of the Prophet (saw)) shared a consensus view on the impermissibility of same-sex marriage. Their understanding was derived from their close and direct experience with the Prophet (saw), his teachings and the revelations of the Quran. Here are a few examples of their views: Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu 'anhu): He ordered the burning of a man who was found engaging in a same-sex act. (Musannaf Abi Bakr 8085) Ali ibn Abi Talib (radi Allahu 'anhu): He is reported to have ordered the stoning of individuals involved in same-sex activity. (Sunan Ibn Majah 8609) Traditional Islamic Scholarly Opinions on Same-Sex Marriage There is an overwhelming consensus (ijma) among Classical scholars regarding the prohibition of same-sex marriage. This consensus is based on a thorough of the Quran, hadith and the views of earlier generations of Muslims. Here are some prominent scholarly quotes: Imam al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH): Sodomy is one of the gravest of the major sins. (Rawdat al-Talibin 8/200) Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 726 AH): The agreement of the scholars is that sodomy is haram and it is one of the gravest of the major sins and it is among the worst deeds and the doer deserves to be punished in this world and the hereafter. (Majmu al-Fatawa 32/278). Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751 AH): There is not among the major sins one that is more harmful to worldly interests and religious ones than sodomy. (Al-Jawab al-Kafi p. 55) Analysis of Islamic Sources on Same-Sex Marriage Several themes emerge from an in-depth of the Islamic sources on same-sex marriage: Marriage as a heterosexual union: Throughout the Quran, the concept of marriage is presented in a consistently heterosexual context, with the purpose of procreation emphasized. (Quran 4:1) Societal Harms: Islamic scholars often cite potential societal harms as a justification for the prohibition of same-sex marriage. These concerns include the breakdown of the traditional family structure, the potential spread of sexually transmitted diseases and the undermining of moral values. Preservation of Lineage: Islam places a strong emphasis on the preservation of lineage (nasab) and the rights of children. Same-sex marriage does not accommodate this important principle. The Story of Lut (alayhi s-salaam): Many scholars view the story of the people of Lut in the Quran as a cautionary tale against same-sex relations, emphasizing divine condemnation of such practices. Compassion and Understanding: While Islamic sources clearly prohibit same-sex marriage, it is important to remember that Islam also emphasizes compassion, mercy and understanding. Muslims should strive to treat individuals experiencing same-sex attraction with respect and dignity, while upholding the teachings of their faith. Misconceptions about Islam and Homosexuality There are numerous misconceptions surrounding the Islamic position on homosexuality. Here are a few common ones: Islam promotes violence against homosexuals. Islam unequivocally forbids any form of violence or persecution against any individual regardless of their sexual orientation. The Quran states, There shall be no compulsion in religion. (Quran 2:256) Vigilante justice has no place in Islamic law. Homosexuality is a mental illness. Modern medical and psychological organizations do not consider homosexuality to be a mental disorder. Islam respects scientific findings but also relies on its own scriptural and scholarly tradition for moral and religious guidance. All Muslims hate homosexuals. While Islamic teachings prohibit same-sex acts, Muslims are commanded to treat all human beings, including those who sin, with justice and fairness. Many Muslims have family members or friends who identify as LGBTQ+ and compassion remains a core Islamic value. Islamic societies are inherently homophobic and discriminatory. Traditionally, Islamic societies have shown different degrees of tolerance or intolerance towards those with same-sex orientations. It's important to avoid generalizations and explore historical and contemporary examples with nuance. Islam offers no support or guidance for individuals experiencing same-sex attraction. Many Muslims with same-sex attraction seek to adhere to the tenets of their faith. Islamic resources providing spiritual guidance and community support within the framework of traditional teachings are available and continue to evolve. Objections to the Islamic View on Same-Sex Marriage Here are some common objections raised against the traditional Islamic stance on same-sex marriage: Personal autonomy and freedom of choice. Some argue that individuals should have the freedom to express and act upon their sexual orientation without restrictions. Islamic law prioritizes collective wellbeing and the establishment of a social and moral order believed to be in harmony with the divine will. Consent and the absence of harm. It's argued that consensual same-sex relationships between adults do not cause harm to others and should therefore be permitted. Islam sees potential for societal and moral harm in the normalization and legitimization of same-sex relations outside of the traditional framework of marriage. Comparisons with other prohibited acts. Questions arise as to why same-sex relations are considered so severe when other acts, such as consuming alcohol, are also prohibited in Islam. Islamic scholars differentiate based on their interpretations of the overall message of the Quran, Sunnah and levels of potential harm involved. Changing social norms. The growing acceptance of same-sex marriage in many parts of the world is used to challenge traditional Islamic views on this topic. Muslim scholars engage with changing social norms and may adapt their approach to counseling and pastoral care, while emphasizing the immutability of core theological principles. Selective application of scripture. Some point to a perceived selective application of Islamic law, questioning why certain prohibitions are strictly enforced while others seem less emphasized. Islamic scholarship grapples with these questions, utilizing principles of jurisprudence and considering changing times and contexts. FAQs on Same-Sex Marriage in Islam What does Islam say about marriage between two men? Islam prohibits same-sex marriage and considers same-sex acts to be haram. This is based on traditional interpretations of the Quran, Hadith and the scholarly consensus. How can Muslims reconcile their faith with having a friend or family member who is gay? Muslims are expected to show compassion and respect, even those they disagree with or who commit sins. Maintaining familial ties and relationships is important whilst advising to bring about change. Are there Muslims who support same-sex marriage? A minority of Muslims advocate for reinterpretations of Islamic sources to allow for same-sex marriage. These reinterpretations are highly contested and generally rejected within traditional Islamic scholarship. Conclusion Islam unequivocally prohibits same-sex marriage, a stance derived from its core religious texts and centuries of scholarly consensus. This position stems from a belief that marriage is an inherently heterosexual institution, a foundation for procreation and family structure and that same-sex relationships undermine the social and moral order established by divine law. While the Islamic view on same-sex marriage may be challenged by evolving social norms and legal precedents, it remains deeply ingrained in the traditional understanding of the faith.