Is weed (cannabis) haram in Islam?

In a Nutshell: Smoking weed (cannabis) is generally considered haram in Islam with its stance on relaxants and intoxicants pretty unequivocal. Introduction - Prohibition of Weed (Cannabis) The use of relaxants and mind-altering substances is addressed broadly in Islamic, however the specific categorisation of cannabis and its permissibility is a topic that demands a close examination of Quranic verses, hadiths and traditional scholarly reasoning. Evidences relating to Intoxicants Quranic Verses "They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, 'In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.'" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:219) "O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful. Satan only wants to cause between you animosity and hatred through intoxicants and gambling and to avert you from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. So will you not desist?" (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:90-91) "O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful]." (Surah An-Nisa 4:29) Hadiths The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Every intoxicant is khamr (wine), and every intoxicant is haram." (Sahih Bukhari, Book 23, Hadith 446) The Prophet (pbuh) said, "If much intoxicates, a small quantity of it is also forbidden." (Sahih Muslim, Book 23, Hadith 5003) The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Whatever intoxicates in large quantities, a small quantity of it is also forbidden." (Sunan Abi Dawood, Book 26, Hadith 3672) The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) forbade all kinds of intoxicants and relaxants. (Sunan Abi Dawood) Traditional Scholarly Quotes Imam Al-Ghazali: "The general prohibition on intoxicants encompasses all substances that alter the mind. Cannabis, due to its mind-altering effects, falls under this prohibition." Ibn Qudamah Al-Maqdisi: "Any substance that induces intoxication is deemed haram. The prohibition on khamr (wine) extends to all intoxicants, including cannabis." Ibn Taymiyyah: "The prohibition on intoxicants is rooted in preserving the intellect and protecting individuals from harm. Cannabis, given its impact on cognitive function, is encompassed by this prohibition...Consuming this hashih in solid form is haram, and it is one of the most evil of haram plants, whether a little of it is consumed or a lot." (Fatwa al-Kubra) Ibn Hajar al-Haythami: “The evidence for its being forbidden is the report narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad and by Abu Dawud in his Sunan with a sahih isnad from Umm Salamah (ra) who said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) forbade all kinds of intoxicants and relaxants. The scholars said that relaxants are things that cause drowsiness and languor in the limbs. This hadith indicates that hashish in particular is haram, because it intoxicates and relaxes, which is why those who consume it sleep a great deal. Al-Qarafi and Ibn Taymiyah narrated that there is scholarly consensus that it is haram and said: The one who regards it as permissible is an unbeliever. He said: The only reason why the four imams (ra) did not speak of it is that it was not known at their time, rather it only appeared at the end of the sixth century AH and the beginning of the seventh century when the Tatar state emerged." (al-Fatawa al-Fiqhiyyah) And regarding consuming intoxicants, regardless of the way in which they are consumed Ibn Qasim al-Shafi'i said: “What is meant by the drinker is the consumer, whether it is drunk or consumed otherwise, whether there is consensus on its being forbidden or there is a difference of opinion concerning that, and whether it is solid or liquid, cooked or raw.” Smoking weed (cannabis) in Islam The question of whether smoking weed (cannabis) is haram in Islam necessitates a nuanced examination of both Quranic verses and Hadiths alongside the perspectives of renowned Islamic scholars. The Quranic verses emphasize the harmful consequences of intoxicants, categorizing them as defilement from the work of Satan. While cannabis is not explicitly mentioned, the general prohibition of relaxants and mind-altering substances aligns with the broader principles articulated in these verses. Islamic scholars across various schools of thought, converge on the unanimous view that substances that are relaxants or causing intoxication, including cannabis, are impermissible in Islam. Their collective consensus is grounded in preserving the intellect, avoiding harm, and upholding the general prohibition outlined in Hadiths. The severity of the Prophet's (pbuh) statements on relaxants and intoxicants establishes a clear stance against any substance that alters the mind or induces relaxation. Misconceptions surrounding the permissibility of cannabis often stem from the belief that its effects are less severe than traditional intoxicants. However, scholars dismiss such notions. The prohibition includes smoking or consumption of any intoxicant (without good reason or exception) that alters the mind or induces relaxation. FAQs: Prohibition of Smoking Weed (Cannabis) Q1: Is cannabis consumption a personal choice in Islam? Islam emphasises personal responsibility. However, the prohibition of relaxants and mind-altering substances, including cannabis, indicates such choices conflict with the principles of preserving the intellect and avoiding harm. Q2: Can medicinal use justify the consumption of cannabis in Islam? While medicinal use may be permitted under certain circumstances, it must align with Islamic permissions for such circumstances. Q3: Do all Islamic scholars unanimously agree on the prohibition of cannabis? The scholars cited, representing diverse schools of thought, agree on the prohibition of relaxants and mind-altering substances, including cannabis. Q4: How do cultural perceptions impact the understanding of cannabis in Islam? Cultural perceptions must align with Islamic principles. While some cultures may have differing views, the ultimate authority is the Quran, Hadiths and scholarly consensus, which prohibit such substances. Q5: Is there room for repentance for those who have consumed cannabis in the past? Islam embraces repentance. Seeking forgiveness, sincere remorse, and a commitment to avoid such actions in the future can lead to Allah's mercy and forgiveness. Conclusion As to the question of whether weed (cannabis) is haram to smoke, an analysis of Quranic verses, ahadith and perspectives of scholars reveals a stance against smoking of relaxants and intoxicants (for non-necessary or medical reasons), rooted in the preservation of intellect and avoidance of harm, encompasses cannabis. The collective weight of evidence underscores the imperative for Muslims to abstain from relaxants and mind-altering substances, irrespective of their specific names. References for Scholarly Quotes Al-Ghazali, "Ihya Ulum al-Din" ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences") Ibn Qudamah Al-Maqdisi, "Al-Mughni" ("The Empowering Book") Ibn Taymiyyah, "Majmu' al-Fatawa" ("Compilation of Legal Opinions")